Criminal Justice Technology - Free Essay Example

Technology within the Criminal Justice System has evolved through the years. DNA is one type of technology that has revolutionized the criminal justice system. Law enforcement uses this method to aide in the capture and conviction of criminals; at times have led to exonerate criminals who were wrongly convicted. There is still a lot that can be learned about DNA and all the possibilities that DNA may be able to prove. Fingerprints are not the only technology that has vastly improved within the criminal justice system. In 1984, Dr. Alec Jefferys, an English geneticist, discovered what is known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) DNA fingerprinting or DNA Profiling (DNAs Detective Story, 2004). Dr. Jefferys found sequences of regions of DNA repeated over and over again and the number of sections repeated could differ from person to person (DNA Basic History). With these DNA sequence variations, the ability to perform identity tests on humans were developed (DNA Basic History) . DNA is a genetic material that can be found in a persons semen, skin cells, tissue, organs, muscle, brain cells, bone, teeth, hair, saliva, mucus, perspiration, fingernails, urine, feces, etc. (DNA Basic Biology). DNA such as sweat, skin, blood, tissue can be found on handles of weapons, hats, eyeglasses, facial tissue, dirty laundry and other various items (DNA Basic Indentifying DNA). Saliva can be found on items such as toothpicks, cigarette butts, postage stamps. Envelope flaps, bottle, cans or glass, pillows, and various other items (DNA Basic Indentifying DNA). Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, and Adenine are the four building blocks for which DNA is comprised (DNA Basic Indentifying DNA) In 1985, Great Britain authorities were seeking to deport a teenager from Ghana who came to Great Britain to join his mother (DNAs Detective Story, 2004). Mr. Jefferys was able to provide the court with DNA evidence showing that half of the teenagers bands matched his mother and the other hal f his father, thereby saving the teenager from being deported (DNAs Detective Story, 2004). The first documented criminal case using DNA led to the 1987 conviction of Colin Pitchfork in England for the rape and murder of two people (DNAs Detective Story, 2004). Tommy Lee Andrews of Orlando is the first person in the U.S. to be convicted in a 1987 rape case, using DNA profiling (Inman, Rudin, 2002 July 02). The DNA profiling proved Andrews was guilty of rape by a 10 billion-to-1 probability (Willing, N.D.) In April 2001, a cold hit was made to the perpetrators convicted offender DNA profile in the database (DNA Initiative Night Stalker). It was a break Goldsboro Police Department, Goldsboro North Carolina had been waiting for (DNA Initiative Night Stalker) The DNA hit was on Linwood Forte who was brought in after he was convicted of shooting into an occupied dwelling (DNA Initiative Night Stalker). After Mr. Forte a search warrant had been obtained and served for a DNA swap, it ma tched with a cold case in July 1990 (DNA Initiative Night Stalker). In July 1990, three elderly women were raped and stabbed to death (DNA Initiative Night Stalker) One of the elderly womens husband had been stabbed to death as well (DNA Initiative Night Stalker) This shows that DNA evidence that is properly collected and preserved can prove to be a an excellent tool in helping anyone in the Criminal Justice Field to solve cold case files. The first person to be exonerated by DNA evidence is Kirk Bloodsworth (Innocence Project, N.D). Mr. Bloodsworth was sentenced to death for a murder, sexual assault and rape of a nine year old girl, he did not commit in Maryland in 1984 (Innocence Project, N.D). Mr. Bloodsworths arrest came from an anonymous tip stating they had seen him with the girl the same day (Innocence Project, N.D.). Identification was made after a witness identified him as the man they had seen from a police sketch (Innocence Project, N.D.). After his conviction in March 1985, Mr. Bloodsworth lawyers were able to get a new trial based up on evidence that law enforcement had another suspect that had been withheld from Mr. Bloodsworth defense attorneys (Innocence Project, N.D.). Mr. Bloodsworth was again found guilty, but this time he was sentenced to two life terms in prison (Innocence Project, N.D.). The prosecution agreed in 1992 for a DNA test to be done by Forensic Science Associates (Innocence Project, N.D.). Even though the spermatozoa amount on the slide insufficient after Forensic Science Associates performed, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based testing (Innocence Project, N.D.). However, testing performed by Forensic Science Associates and The FBI on the victims panties excluded Mr. Bloodsworth (Innocence Project, N.D.). After he had served 8 years in prison, in June 1993, including the two years he was facing execution Mr. Bloodsworth was released (Innocence Project, N.D.). In 2003, the Innocence Protection Act was introduced and establi shes Mr. Bloodsworth DNA exonerating him and the act will provide funding for DNA testing (Innocence Project, N.D.). For more than 21 years, the Dereck Bachmann searched for his sister Marci, who had ran away from her Vancouver, Washington in May of 1984 (Ritter, 2007). Through the 21 years, Dereck searched newspapers, files of missing persons and hired a private investigator. (Ritter, 2007). In 2004 there was break in the case (Ritter, 2007). A cold case detective in Missoula, Washington sent a femur from the Deer Creek remains lab to the Center for Human Remains (CHP) for A DNA test to be ran (Ritter, 2007). After the test was performed, the scientist uploaded the information into the CODIS database (Ritter, 2007). In King County, Washington, detectives came across the case file of Marci Bachmann (Ritter, 2007). The detectives were able to track down Marcis mother, father and brother and obtained a DNA samples (Ritter, 2007). Closure for Marcis family on April 6, 2006 when the DNA samples made a hit on remains that had been found just a few months after Marci went missing (Ritter, 2007). In 1990, the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) began as a pilot software project by FBI (CODIS Combined DNA Index System). The project served 14 state and local laboratories (CODIS Combined DNA Index System). In 1994 when the DNA Identification Act was formed, the FBI establishes the National DNA Index System for use by law enforcement agencies (CODIS Combined DNA Index System). CODIS software is used in over 25 countries laboratories and over 170-law enforcement agencies participate in the NDIS (CODIS Combined DNA Index System). The Combined DNA Index System is funded by the FBI in order for public forensic DNA laboratories to create a database of searchable DNA profiles (DNA Initiative DNA Databases). CODIS allows laboratories access and to be able to share and compare information (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). There are two indexes that the CODIS use: the co nvicted offender index and forensic index (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). Individuals convicted of crimes ranging from misdemeanors to sexual assault and murder have their DNA is stored in the convicted offender index (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). The DNA profiles stored in the forensic index come from evidence obtained from crime scenes (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). When a DNA profile is entered into CODIS, a potential match is automatically searched for (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). If a match is found in the forensic index, serial offenders can be identified and linked to other crimes scenes (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). If a match is made between both convicted and forensic indexes, it can indentify an offender and can give investigators probable cause to collect a new DNA sample from a suspect (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). CODIS DNA profiles are entered from local, state and national laboratories. Local laboratories maintain local forensic profiles in their l ocal DNA index system and upload DNA profile information into the State DNA index system (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). The state uploads the DNA profiles to NDIS (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). The types of files that can be entered into the DNA database are forensic files, arrestee profiles, suspect profiles, unidentified human remains, missing persons, and relative of missing person profiles (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). Just like fingerprints, DNA is unique to each person with the exception of identical twins (DNA Initiative, DNA Basics). Any DNA collected from a crime scene can either implicate or eliminate a suspect (DNA Initiative, DNA Basics). DNA can and has been used to identify human remains after comparing DNA taken from a relative (DNA Initiative Identifying Missing Persons). It can also be used in linking two or more crime scenes together DNA Initiative, DNA Basics). When the DNA evidence is compared using CODIS, it can link crime scenes locally, statewide and nationally to the same perpetrator (DNA Initiative, DNA Basics). As you can see, DNA can be a powerful tool used in a court of law. DNA has aided law enforcement agencies in the capture and conviction of criminal offenders. DNA has been used to solve cold case files and exonerate people who were wrongfully convicted. In order for DNA evidence to be upheld in court, the crime scene investigator has to make sure all evidence is collected, bagged and stored properly and free from contamination. Technology has come a long way. DNA is just one of the many technologies that are available to law enforcement. Technology in the criminal justice will forever be evolving with new ideas and developments. Someday, maybe, the criminal justice system will have the technology to obtain evidence from a suspect or crime scene and get results in a matter of minutes instead of days or weeks.

McDonalds French Fries Are Still Not Vegetarian

Most animal-rights activists follow a plant-based diet for ethical reasons and studiously avoid places where meat makes up the bulk of the menu. Still, vegetarians or vegans  occasionally find themselves inclined to sneak into McDonalds for a serving of the famous Golden Arches French fries every now and then. But if theyre serious about living meat-free, they should stop. In spite of numerous protests—and even lawsuits—McDonalds fries are not, and never have been, vegan or vegetarian. But how can that be? you may ask. French fries are made from potatoes and fried in oil, so wheres the harm? (Hint: Its in the oil.) McDonalds Fries in India vs. the U.S. In India, cows are sacred and are not meant for human consumption. Fortunately, in that country, vegetarians can consume all the McDonalds French fries their hearts desire because theyre made of strictly plant-based ingredients. In fact, in India, McDonalds locations do not serve pork or beef products at all. But French fries served at American McDonald’s locations are not vegetarian. Why not, you ask? For decades, McDonald’s fries were cooked in animal fat (lard) which was supposedly what gave them their famous flavor. Eventually, the chain switched to vegetable oil, but customers complained that the fries were no longer as tasty. The companys solution was to add natural beef flavor to the spuds during the production cycle. Whats Your Beef? A Class-Action Lawsuit In 2001, McDonald’s was hit with a class-action lawsuit, led by a group of Hindu customers who felt they were being duped into unwittingly consuming animal products—which is strictly against their religion. Other vegetarians and vegans joined the fight, pointing out that the company was disseminating misleading information. Customers were being told that the French fries were fried in vegetable oil—the inference being that the fries were no longer cooked in lard and were therefore veg-friendly. Admitting that the fries were coated in beef flavoring, McDonalds settled for $10 million, with $6 million going to vegetarian organizations. But they didn’t change their recipe. In fact, their website still lists the ingredients, including beef, for all to see. As a company spokesperson explained: â€Å"With regard to our French fries, any customer in the U.S. who contacts McDonalds USA to ask if they contain beef flavoring is told, Yes. The same McDonalds representative went on to say, We have no plans to change the way we prepare our French fries in the U.S. However, it is important to know that our French fries are prepared differently in other countries.† How the Beef Gets in the Fries In the U.S, McDonalds French fry suppliers add a very small amount of beef flavor to the oil in the par-frying process at the potato processing plant before shipping the fries to individual outlets. Once at the restaurant, the spuds are cooked in vegetable oil. For vegans and vegetarians, this extra step a deal-breaker. How difficult would it be to omit the meat? Probably not that difficult at all, however, the impact on the bottom line could potentially be enormous. In India, where the majority of customers are vegetarian or vegan, not accommodating meat-free food choices doesnt make sense from an economic standpoint. In the United States, however, the opposite is true. If McDonalds started leaving out the signature ingredient thats long given their fries their famous flavor, if you asked Americans, Do you want fries with that? the answer could very well be, No!

The Things They Carried By Tim O Brien - 1377 Words

Tyler Nooney Trafford P.6 The Things They Carried Essay The central theme and true meaning of courage is shown vividly in numerous instances throughout Tim O’Brien’s classic novel The Things They Carried. O’Brien’s novel begins with the courage of coming of age, along with the author’s loss of his innocence. Tim, the protagonist of this novel, goes through an incredible change in belief when he must choose to either run away from the Vietnam War or unwillingly join the bloody battle, of which he strongly did not have faith in. The main courageous occurrence that O’Brien was showing the reader was the fear of going to war, and the integrity behind holding ones beliefs and morals in fighting for their country. The Things They Carried shows†¦show more content†¦O’Brien uses explicit details and imagery to illustrate what the experience was like for the terrified men. Although they are sad for the loss of their friend Lavender, and try as hard as they can to be courageous, their major feeling is of relief, mainly because they are still living. Courage is shown in the â€Å"The Things They Carried† with this quote. â€Å"They carried the soldier’s greatest fear, which was the fear of blushing. Men killed, and died, because they were embarrassed not to. It was what had brought them to the war in the first place, nothing positive, no dreams of glory or honor, just to avoid the blush of dishonor. They died so as not to die of embarrassment.† (p. --) This quotation is O’Brien expressing his reasons for having the courage in going to Vietnam, instead of being a coward. At the same time he is giving the reader a generalization that foreshadows the later several references towards courage and cowardice. â€Å"On the Rainy River† is a story recalled by O’Brien that he states has never told to anyone. â€Å"To go into it, I’ve always thought, would only cause embarrassment for all of us †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 39) By coming out and telling his readers this confession only shows his courage from it in the long run. The story develops the theme of embarrassment as a motivating factor, just as Jimmy Cross feels guilty about Ted Lavender’s death, O’Brien feels guilty about going to

Economic Development and Progress

Question: Describe about the Economic Development and Progress. Answer: The tremendous strides that mankind have made can be attributed to the technological, economic, social and other aspects of development. With the development and progress, many people have access to tools that help them breed or come up with good ideas. Had it been possible for these ideas to be implemented, further growth and development would be realized. The major hurdle is access to funding which can drive the conception and actualization of ideas. This is the position into which our companys relevance comes into play. Besides providing finances, the company will provide the necessary leadership, guidance, mentorship and support along each stage of idea conception an actualization. The rationale behind the design and development of this site is simply the desire to provide a platform for people with good ideas. We do not stop there: the site provides laudable options for financing. Besides, the site contains a number of services for children. This is because children tend to have some good ideas but may not be able to have the support of their parents and friends. Secondly, the growing number of problems due to technological advances and population growth, such as marine pollution, air pollution, and child disappearance, global warming, and so on, still need to be improved. This, we believe, provides exciting opportunities for those who can come up with ideas. Everyone with good idea can put their ideas on our website. All we will do is help them to raise funds, or to find someone to give to the people to find a way to solve the problem. They invest. Our site is divided into three projects: individual project; star a project; daydream project. The first individual project is a well-planned idea, we will set two options for you, the first is that you plan a good person but their limited capacity can only help you complete your plan (donation). People can choose to unconditionally support your idea can also choose to have a return on contributions, for example: When your idea is to create a product and has been completed, they have to complete their funding, Can be purchased at their original prices, or free to let them use. The second is a start a project. We will carefully understand your idea, make a series of ads to help you carry out a series of financing plans, and improve your idea so that it will be more attractive to investors. We will show you the product profile as soon as possible and tell you that the product plan will soon be funded. The last one is daydream project This part is about our company part, we will develop and innovate some new good idea and then put our site for financing, or buy some of what we think is promising and conducive to social progress of the idea , And then we carry out research and study to solve a series of problems, the final development. We chose to do this because we found that a lot of people have good ideas, and these ideas can be beneficial to social and even global development. So we think this is a necessary plan

Operations Management Report free essay sample

It outlines the findings of an observation made on Saturday, 30th March, 2013 which established that long queues are a common occurrence at Movie World theme park particularly during peak times. The report will examine the body of knowledge in the existing literature with regard to queuing at theme parks and how it affects guest satisfaction, it will then suggest possible solutions, drawing from the literature review and then provide an evaluation of the alternative solutions as well as recommend appropriate methods for the resolution of the queuing challenges at Movie World Theme park. The report concludes by reiterating the importance of effective queue management and its potential to reduce the level of moment of truth, a factor which is very critical to guest satisfaction. 2. 0Brief description of business and context-Movie World Theme Park Movie World theme park is a popular  movie  related  theme park  on the  Gold Coast  in  Australia which is owned and operated by  Village Roadshow Limited and is the only movie related park in Australia. We will write a custom essay sample on Operations Management Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Movie World operates various movie-themed rides and attractions ranging from motion simulators to roller coasters and slow river rides. It also boasts of   costumed character  performers who patrol the park, allowing visitors the chance to take photos with them. This paper will analyse the operations of the theme park as observed on Saturday, 30th March, 2013 with particular interest on queue management. Long and disorderly queues were observed on the day, this report will discuss queue management as an operation management problem that Movie World Theme Park needs to address, particularly at the ticketing offices and as visitors were waiting to get on roller coaster and slow river rides. This is because according to Norman (2009), long lines at theme parks are a continual source of irritation for visitors and may impact on the quality of their experience. 3. 0Identification and analysis of Operations Management challenge-Long and disorderly queues At the ticketing offices, the queues are very long and sometimes disorderly; this is exacerbated by the fact that not all the booths are open at the same time in most cases. Heung, Tsang and Cheng (2009) suggest that most activities in which a service is provided require customers to wait in a queue during the experience, the problem of queuing is quite common in theme parks where visitors who patronise popular new attractions appear to be spending more and more time queuing, as they are forced to wait for a significant length of time simply to play a game or take an adventure ride at a theme park. They contend that waits for rides at attractions are the top complaints among guests. Research has shown that one thing that is inherent in waiting lines is the universal dislike for the process, the feelings and opinions developed in waiting lines influence the customers perception of the awaited experience (Cope, Cope III, Bass, Syrdal, H. A, 2011, Davis Heineke 1994). Desai and Hunsucker (2008) contend that the goal of many visitors at an amusement/ theme park is to experience the most number of rides and attractions possible within the stipulated time; they argue that during peak seasons a common sight at theme parks is a long queue of visitors waiting to seek the thrill and excitement of amusement rides. They further argue that coupled with a limited ride capacity, the park managers face major problems in coping with this heavy demand and high wait times on rides. This scenario of having to wait lengthy periods in queues indicates inferior service levels on the part of park management and may contribute to customer dissatisfaction. Davis Heineke (1994) suggests that the real issue in queue management is not the actual amount of time that the customer waits in a queue, but also the customer’s perception of that wait and his or her associated level of satisfaction, therefore providing a high level of customer satisfaction should be the true objective of effective queue management. The emphasis is customer satisfaction because it provides the necessary linkage between the level of service provided and the customer’s perception of the service and the customer’s future behaviour towards the firm. 4. 0Possible solutions to the challenge In order to mitigate the effects of long waiting time, Kostami and Ward (2009) submit that many service providers offer customers the choice of either waiting in a line or going offline and returning at a dynamically determined future time e. g. Disneyland. They argue however, that to operate such a system, the service provider must make an upfront decision on how to allocate service capacity between the lines especially considering the fact that the estimation of offline waiting times is complicated by the failure by some offline customers to return for service at their appointed time. Other solutions may include resolving capacity problems by increasing ride capacity through adding more infrastructure or increasing the capacity of existing equipment, though this may inevitably involve heavy capital expenditure (Desai and Hunsucker, 2008). Heung, Tsang and Cheng (2009), contend that customers who are unoccupied tend to perceive longer waiting times more negatively than customers who are occupied during their waits, this suggests that efforts aimed at occupying waiting customers with reading materials, interesting displays or providing opportunities for them to do their own tasks as they wait would minimise the negative perceptions that they would have about the waiting time. Further, Heung, Tsang and Cheng (2009) argue that a critical element in all facets of managing customer perception with respect to queues is the proper training of contact personnel especially in high visibility and low variety business environments like theme parks. Norman (2009) contends that measures such as advance reservations minimise the trauma of waiting but they must be seen as fair and equitable to those without reservations. Management may consider assigning customers numbers at arrival and then calling them in sequence. Norman (2009) submits that fairness of system and value of the ride could minimise perceived waiting time. Management should therefore, focus on giving people a good experience while waiting on a line. Management may also consider applying Little’s Law in working out average waiting time and the average number of guests waiting for a service, this will enable them determine average rate of arrivals to the system, thereby forecasting demand and hence reducing the adverse effects of queuing(Little, 2011). 5. 0Conclusion/Recommendations Long waiting time can negatively affect the guest experience and even result in balking or reneging on the part of the guest. It is therefore, recommended that to minimise on the negative effects of waiting time, more ticket booths are opened and more activities are introduced. Resolving capacity problems will enable management at Movie World theme park to minimise average cost when there are costs associated with customer abandonment and queuing. Of utmost importance is the need for management to focus on giving guests a good experience by ensuring that systems put in place to resolve these queuing challenges and thereby improve the through put, in the provision of the service, are seen to be fair by the customer. Effective queue management may mean the difference between quality guest experience, and therefore, zero moment of truth, and dissatisfied customers whose complaints if not well managed may result in loss of business for the service provider. In a business environment where the customer has a number of alternatives to choose from, it is important for service providers to take quality management seriously, and in the case of Movie World, management cannot afford to ignore the problems caused by queuing, considering its effects on guest satisfaction. References Cope, R. F. , Cope III, R. F. Bass, A. N. , Syrdal H. A. (2011). Innovative knowledge management at Disney: Human capital and queuing solutions for services. Journal of Service Science, 4(1), 13 Davis, M. M. , Heineke, J. (1994). Understanding the roles of the customer and the operation for better queue management. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 14(5), 21-34. doi:10. 1108/01443579410056777 Desai, S . S. , Hunsucker, J. L. (2008). A sensitivity analysis tool for improving the capacity of amusement rides. Journal of Simulation, 2(2), 117-126, doi:10. 1057/jos. 2008. 3 Heung, V. C. S. Tsang,N. , Chang, M. (2009). Queuing behaviour in theme parks: a comparison between Chinese and Western tourists. Journal of China Tourism Research, 5(1), 41-51 http://dx. doi. org/10. 1080/19388160802711394 Kostami, V. , Ward, A. R. (2009). Managing service systems with an offline waiting option and customer abandonment. Manufacturing and Service Operations management, 11(4), 644-656. Little, J. D. C. (2011). Little’s Law as viewed on its 50th anniversary. Operations Research, 59(3), 536-549 Norman, D. A. (2009). Designing waits that work. MIT Sloan Management Review, 50(4), 23-28

Rain Boots Essays

Rain Boots Essays Rain Boots Essay Rain Boots Essay Essay Topic: The Winters Tale Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then precipitated- that is, become heavy enough to fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. It provides suitable conditions for many types of ecosystem, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation. Interesting information Rain is also known or suspected on other planets, where it may be composed of methane, neon, sulfuric acid or even iron rather than water. Raining animals is a rare meteorological phenomenon in which flightless animals rain from the sky. Such occurrences have been reported in many countries throughout history. One hypothesis offered to explain this phenomenon is that strong winds traveling over water sometimes pick up creatures such as fish or frogs, and carry them for up to several miles. The English language idiom it is raining cats and dogs, referring to a heavy downpour, is of uncertain etymology, and there is no evidence that it has any connection to the raining animals phenomenon. Note that this is a regular occurrence for birds, which can get killed in flight, or stunned, and then fall (unlike flightless creatures, which first have to be lifted into the air by an outside force). Sometimes this happens in large groups, for instance, the blackbirds falling from the sky in Beebe, Arkansas, United States on December 31, 2010. [ Red rain in Kerala From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Rain water sample (left) and after the particles settled (right). Dried sediment (center). Red rain collected in stainless steel vessels The Kerala red rain phenomenon was a blood rain (red rain) event that occurred from July 25 to September 23, 2001, when red-coloured rain sporadically fell on the southern Indian state of Kerala. Heavy downpours occurred in which the rain was colored red, staining clothes pink. [1] Yellow, green, and black rain was also reported. [2][3][4] Colored rain had been reported in Kerala as early as 1896 and several times since then,[5] most recently in June 2012. 6][7] It was initially thought that the rains were colored by fallout from a hypothetical meteor burst, but a study commissioned by the Government of India concluded that the rains had been colored by airborne spores from locally prolific terrestrial algae. [5] It was not until early 2006 that the colored rains of Kerala gained widespread attention when the popular media reported that Godfrey Louis and Santhosh Kumar of the Mahatma Gandhi University in Kottayam proposed a controversial argument that the colored particles were extraterrestrial cells. 3][8][9] Red rains were also reported on November 15, 2012 in eastern and north-central provinces of Sri Lanka, where scientists from the Sri Lanka Medical Research Institute (MRI) are investigating to ascertain their cause. [10][11] Impact Effect on agriculture Rainfall estimates for southern Japan and the surrounding region from July 20–27, 2009. Precipitation, especially rain, has a dramatic effect on agriculture. All plants need at least some water to survive, therefore rain (being the most effective means of watering) is important to agriculture. While a regular rain pattern is usually vital to healthy plants, too much or too little rainfall can be harmful, even devastating to crops. Drought can kill crops and increase erosion,[110] while overly wet weather can cause harmful fungus growth. [111] Plants need varying amounts of rainfall to survive. For example, certain cacti require small amounts of water,[112] while tropical plants may need up to hundreds of inches of rain per year to survive. In culture Cultural attitudes towards rain differ across the world. In temperate climates, people tend to be more stressed when the weather is unstable or cloudy, with its impact greater on men than women. [117] Rain can also bring joy, as some consider it to be soothing or enjoy the aesthetic appeal of it. In dry places, such as India,[118] or during periods of drought,[119] rain lifts peoples moods. In Botswana, the Setswana word for rain, pula, is used as the name of the national currency, in recognition of the economic importance of rain in this desert country. 120] Several cultures have developed means of dealing with rain and have developed numerous protection devices such as umbrellas and raincoats, and diversion devices such as gutters and storm drains that lead rains to sewers. [121] Many people find the scent during and immediately after rain pleasant or distinctive. The source of this scent is petrichor, an oil produced by plants, then absorbed by rocks and soil, and later released into the air during rainfall. [122] 1. Cherrapunji, India:    498 Inches more rainy place in the world What to wear on rainy day? With the June gloom we’ve been experiencing across the US recently, I’ve received tons of emails from you guys wanting outfit ideas for rainy days. It can definitely be tough to dress for a rainy day because there are so many things to consider. From what type of material you can wear (suede shoes are a no-go) to how to stay dry without sacrificing style, dressing well when it’s rainy out requires a little planning in advance. Don’t worry, though! It’s easier than most people think to dress for a rainy day. Here are some rainy day fashion tips, as well as six outfit ideas for rainy days. Rainy Day Fashion Tips Add color! Don’t be scared to wear something bright and fun on a rainy day. Bad weather can be depressing, so why not go out of your way to wear something non-depressing and cute? A cute umbrella can be an accessory. There are so many adorable and cheap umbrellas available at stores like Target, so there’s really no excuse to stick to basic black. Buy a couple in your favorite colors if you live in a really rainy area and use them to add color to your look. Kids umbrellas are cheap, cute, and perfect for one person. I mentioned this in my article 25 Fashion ; Style Tips to Brighten Your Day as well, and though I’d repeat the tip here. Why not save a little cash, have some fun, and buy a really ridiculous kids umbrella? Don’t spend a lot on an umbrella. If you’re anything like me, you’ve lost more umbrellas than you care to remember. That’s why you should never spend much on them. Even if you aren’t prone to misplacing them, umbrellas still aren’t investment pieces – you don’t use them every day! So buy a cute one from Target and pleeeease skip the $250 Burberry version. A classic trench coat is always perfect for rainy weather. There aren’t many inexpensive and cute trenches in stores right now as it’s summer, so I didn’t include many in the outfits below. But that doesn’t mean I don’t love them! The trench coat is SUCH a classic ; essential piece that’s perfect for all occasions and especially rainy days. Be careful of the materials you wear in rain. I’m sure you probably know this already, but just in case†¦ Suede is off-limits in rain because water usually ruins it, and leather that hasn’t been treated with a protectant can easily be damaged by water as well. Don’t risk ruining your clothes – go with rubber, pleather, or protectant-treated leather shoes in rain and leave your favorite suede handbag at home. At the same time, don’t worry too much about a 100% waterproof jacket. If you plan ahead and have your umbrella on hand, your jacket won’t get wet enough for waterproofing to matter. Go crazy when it comes to rain boots. There are so many cute rain boots out there today to fit any sense of style – they literally come in every color under the sun. Have fun and find a pair you love! Much like umbrellas, you can go completely nuts with your rain boots and no one will mind. 6 Rainy Day Outfit Ideas Outfit #1 When it rains in the summer, you can get away with rain boots paired with shorts, a tee, and cardigan. By forgoing jeans in favor of shorts, you avoid having soaked pants all day. In the outfit below, I added some color with a bright scarf. Product Information: Cardigan – Forever 21, Tie-Dye Scarf – Aeropostale, Tee Shirt – American Eagle, Denim Cutoffs – Pacsun. com, Umbrella – Target, Rain Boots – Gabrielle Rocha, available at Zappos. com Outfit #2 The inspiration for this look came about when I found the adorable umbrella with an NYC subway sign print and had to find a way to include it in an outfit! A plain black dress becomes more interesting layered under a mustard acket (worn unzipped, of course), and pair of ultra trendy green Doc Martens. Product Information: NYC Subway Sign Umbrella – Target, Dress and Jacket – Forever 21, Green Patent Doc Martens – Zappos. com Outfit #3 This outfit would be perfect for a day when it’s REALLY raining. The jacket is a â€Å"Pac-a-Poncho† from TopShop, so it’s super waterproof. But unlike the typical ugly yellow poncho, this one actually has style. When paired with neutral grey rain boots and a bubble umbrella with a hint of pink, the overall look is functional and cute at the same time. Product Information: Rain Boots – Target, Pac-a-Poncho – TopShop, Skinny Jeans – Charlotte Russe, Clear Bubble Umbrella – Target Outfit #4 For those of you who love a classic trench coat, you can keep your rainy day outfit simple by pairing your trench with jeans, and bright rain boots of your choice. Honestly, that’s all you need. The heart shaped umbrella, of course, is a cute extra. Product Information: Trench Coat – Miss Selfridge, Skinny Jeans – American Eagle, Heart Shaped Umbrella – Umbrellaheaven. com, Polka Dot Rain Boots – Target Outfit #5 If you’re not the type to rock a typical rain boot, you can always wear regular boots with a bit of a heel. Layering a pretty, summery dress under a long-sleeved cardigan and 3/4 sleeve jacket will add dimension to your outfit as well as keep you dry. Add black tights and a simple umbrella and you’re set! Product Information: Umbrella – TopShop, Jacket – Newlook. co. uk, Cardigan – TopShop, Boots – Nine West, available at Zappos. com, Dress – Pacsun. com, Footless Tights – TopShop Outfit #6 Here’s a very simple outfit that you could throw on in 5 seconds and wear on a rainy summer day. A striped dress is a step above basic layered under a classic denim jacket. I added some cute pink rain boots, because, well, why not? If pink’s not your thing, you could always wear some basic black motorcycle boots instead. Oh, and how great is the cloud umbrella? Completely genius if you ask me. Do’s ; Don’ts In Monsoon Fashion * Do not wear too much makeup this monsoon, use waterproof ones but in minimal quantity. * Do not use too much synthetic fabric. * Try to stick to some pure blends. * Try not to use those metals which can react to moisture in air. Keep yourself fashioned this monsoon. How big are raindrops? Raindrops are much smaller than we think! They are actually smaller than a centimeter. Raindrops range from 1/100 inch (. 0254 centimeter) to 1/4 inch (. 635 centimeter) in diameter. The largest rain drops ever recorded measure a minimum of 8. 6 mm (0. 338 inches) across and have been detected in Brazil, september 1995 and Marshal Islands, july 1999. The rain drops were measured and imaged while falling by a laser instrument and the results were published in Geophysical Research Letters in 2004. 0 interesting facts about rain 1. In Portugal, the rain is a good reason not to go to work. 2. Rain was the cause of the weather forecasts on the radio. When the American owner of the station was caught in the rain, he established a new category of the weather forecasting, which talked about the rain several times a day. 3. The game of darts appeared because of rain. Once the archers in the competition was caught in the rain. Going to a bar, they started throwing shortened arrows at a target on the wall. 4. In fact, rain has no smell. Flavor of what we refer to the smell of rain, in fact, isolated actin and cyanobacteria. The substance, which gives the smell of rain is called geosmin. 5. People of Uganda are not scared of thunder, since it rains with a thunderstorm about 250 times a year 6. The citizens of Para synchronize the clocks by rain, as the rains come every day at the same time. 7. In arid Botswana people use instead of greeting the word â€Å"poola†, which means â€Å"rain†, as the national currency in the country is also called â€Å"rain†. 8. In Cuba, it rains only during a siesta, and in Thailand – only at night. . In the XVII century in the United Kingdom was passed the law about rain, according to which forecaster can be executed because of incorrect prediction of rain. 10. A person can remain completely dry in the rain, if it rains in the desert. In fact, there are rains in the desert, but it is impossible to know whether it rains or not, because the drops evaporate unde r the impact of hot air. 11. All phrases of Hydrometeorological Center about the rain have a specific meaning. For example, the phrase â€Å"short rain† is meant that the duration of rain will be no more than 3 hours. The phrase â€Å"rain is expected† means the duration of the rain for at least half a day. The phrase â€Å"without significant rainfall† does not mean that rain will not, it means that rain will fall no more than 0. 3 liters per square meter. 12. The rainiest city in the world is Cherrapunji (India). During the year 26 460 mm of rain falls there. 13. The acidity of normal rain is pH 5. 6. If the pH level is lower the rain is called  «acid rain  ». At pH 5. 5 the rain kills the bacteria, but at pH 4. 5 kills insects, amphibians and fish. 14. In the town Winesburg, Ohio, each year on July 29 will certainly rain, it lasts for a hundred years. 5. Today it is possible to make up the artificial rain. Particles of dry ice thrown from the plane directly to the cumulus cloud. In a cloud, carbon dioxide is enveloped with water, and falls as a snowflake, heating on the road and turning into rain. Thus, we can combat with drought or to disperse the clouds. 16. Every year, on t he ground is poured 519,000 km3 of rain (every km3 – a billion tons of water). 17. About one in a hundred million people suffer from allergy to the rain. Any effect of water on the skin can cause redness, swelling, caught in the rain, such people can die. 8. In San Francisco weather station reports about rain with a degree of probability, for example, 4/6. Simply 10 local meteorologists vote on whether it will rain or not, and the result announce in â€Å"relative† form. 19. The heaviest hailstones rained from the sky in Gopalganj 14/04/1986. Weight of one hailstone exceeded 1 kg, from this â€Å"a rain,† 92 people died. 20. The rainiest places on the planet are caught short of water during the winter. After the rainy season, there comes a dry winters so that residents have to buy water in other cities.

Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Proposal - Essay Example The proposed comprises of preliminary literature review as well that will be beneficial in creating fundamental framework before carrying out the research. Lastly, the research proposal includes methodology section that specifies selection of secondary, as well as primary research methodology that will be very effective in efficient acquisition of data. INTRODUCTION The focus on forming valuable associations with clients is not a fresh approach within the field of business. The growing competition in addition to lessening customer loyalty have created the need for applying innovative tools to facilitate businesses to do well in the competition and win customers’ loyalty by offering more modified products. Fast development within ‘information systems applications’ that allow business-client communication along with the boom of ‘internet technology’ have given companies with additional potential to manage increasing understanding obtained by clients alo ng with the varying nature of their requirements for particular products (Finnegan & Willcocks, p. 94, 2007). Whereas, the mainstream of companies attempt to apply CRM systems, they come across the upsetting reality of the large percentage of collapse within their CRM implementations. As a reply to the need of dealing with the issue of the high failure ratio of CRM ventures, various researchers have created a range of frameworks for CRM implementation. In this regard, the proposed research is an attempt to analyze different factors related to the process of CRM implementation. Research Objectives Before carrying out research, it is very imperative that the researcher ensures clarified understanding of aims and objectives, as it is an observation that vague objectives often result in unproductive outcomes, and thus, the research proposal will now include aims and objectives of the proposed research: Identify and examine various internal and external factors that play a determining ro le in ensuring success of CRM implementation Inspect the level of impact of identified factors in banking institutions in Saudi Arabia Investigate the impact of identified CRM implementation factors in the case study of a two banking organizations in Saudi Arabia Recommend strategies that may ensure successful implementation of CRM in banking institutions and organizations globally, and particularly, in the corporate society of Saudi Arabia Research Statement In this regard, the researcher will focus on the following research statement to fulfill the aims and objectives of the research: â€Å"To identify and investigate the implementation of CRM in Saudi Arabia, and evaluate different factors that ensures successful ERM implementation† LITERATURE REVIEW There is a common recognition among researchers about the classification of CRM constituents. CRM involves three key constituents, which are information technology, individuals, and business traditions. The involvement of ever y part differs in accordance with the level of CRM implementation. Technology means computing potential that let a business to gather, arrange, save, and utilize records regarding its customer. Technology is the facilitator for CRM systems to successfully attain their goals of collecting, categorizing, and saving important information on