Memory Joggers to Frame Your Lessons

Memory Joggers to Frame Your Lessons A trouble that numerous understudies have in the wake of going through a day in class is taking shape the key focuses and holding the data instructed. In this manner, as instructors we ought to commit time in every exercise to helping understudies see through the subtleties deeply of what is being educated. This should be possible through a mix of verbal and composed signs. Following is a gander at a portion of the manners in which that you can help understudies as they work through day by day exercises in your group. Start With the Focus for the Afternoon State What Students Will Be Able to Do toward the End of the Lesson destinations convert fahrenheit to celsius temperature scale celsius Day by day Agenda Posted With Topics/Subtopics Furnish Students With a Notes Outline Materials and Equipment Lists Movement Structure Day's end Review Significance for Tomorrows Lesson Much the same as network shows end seasons with cliffhangers to whet the craving and energize watchers for the following season, finishing exercises by building enthusiasm for the following day can fill a similar need. This can likewise help outline the data instructed in the bigger setting of the unit or by and large theme being educated.

Cisco Case Study Essay Example for Free

Cisco Case Study Essay Cisco Systems is an industry head in arrange innovation. Their essential business is innovation that is utilized to empower correspondence with individuals everywhere throughout the world with various capacities. Regardless of whether it be email, voice video or general applications these administration are shipped over Cisco Networks. The present CEO is John Chambers who has held the situation since 1995. This contextual analysis centers around his vision and procedure in the course of recent years. Cisco is a market chief in systems administration innovation. Money related Information: www. Bloomberg.com (1) Deals 2012 Sales/Revenue/Turnover: Absolute Operating Revenues. $46,681,000,000 Net Profit $28,558,000,00 Overall gain $ 8,356,000,000 Key Milestones in Cisco’s History (2) 1997 All in One: Data/Voice/Video 2000 Network of Networks 2006 Network as Platform 2008-Current Collaboration/Web 2.0 SWOT ANALYSIS Cisco’s’ inside qualities are its kin. They have an assembled a partnership with more than 70,000 representatives. 1/3 of those are Engineering individuals who create Cisco’s arrangements. (2). These arrangements originate from inside plan or from acquisitions. There shortcoming is the size of the partnership contrasted with when they were in there early days. They challenges adjusting to client requests at the quick pace the innovation business changes. The open doors have accompanied the utilization of acquisitions. At the point when they need to add a bit of innovation to their portfolio they now and again sidestep the advancement procedure and get an organization with the required skill. The significant dangers to the business are the quantity of representatives who leave and go to contenders. Huge numbers of Cisco’s contenders are controlled by previous Cisco representatives. See Juniper.com(7) Investigation VIA PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL Investigate the serious condition by posting the danger of new participants, the bartering intensity of purchasers, the haggling intensity of providers, the risk of substitute items and administrations, and the power of contention among rivals in the business (Chapter 2). Sum up your key focuses in a Figure. (25 focuses) Cisco’s’ risk of new contestants is restricted due to Cisco’s showcase top on arrange Switching: Modular/Fixed (2) . They at present hold a 69% market top sue to their structure and work of these gadgets. Their rivals have replicated and copied these items and there are just bunch that contend. The haggling power as a purchaser dependent on thre volume permits them to continue fabricating costs low. There providers thus have solid dealing power with their silicon and chip produces. New Chipsets are grown quickly and providers can increase an upper hand over the producers. The risk of substitute items is a typical topic with Cisco. A model was a Chinese organization took Cisco’s structure and began creating copy equipment. Long stretches of prosecution was later settled anyway the expense to do so was a significant effect. (3)This caused an exceptional contention with its rival 3Com who banded together with the Chinese organization (4). The other issue with its rivals is its ability pool. Huge numbers of Cisco’s engineers leave for contender bearing in mind the end goal of making the up and coming age of innovation. System USED Cisco’s upper hand in the exchanging market has driven them into being market pioneers in different divisions. Having the piece of the pie of the center system as the base layer of Infrastructure permits them to see the need of its clients. These divisions have all been petitioners that use the Cisco center systems administration items that today has presented to them an industry piece of the overall industry in the accompanying territory. The center technique utilized is there generally cost initiative to make this upper hand Execution Market share per segment Security 31% Advanced Video: IPTV-64% Exchanging: Modular/Fixed-69% Voice-37% Remote: LAN-54% Capacity: Area Networks-44% Directing: Edge/Core/Access-53% Organized Home-23% Web Conferencing-38% (2) One center procedure they utilized in the region of separation was the presentation of Voice over the system. Voice is a heritage innovation made more than 100 years back and as of not long ago was run with a similar unique structure ideas. Cisco changed that framework purchase running voice over the IP arrange. Today VOIP telephone frameworks are a norm and the first POTS (plain old pots lines) are currently viewed as heritage. They utilized acquisitions to purchase telephone suppliers and separate there center basic and produce them on IP systems., permitting today the utilization of voice over your PC Email Text. They were extremely fruitful in this space anyway not all organizations can utilize this methodology for this specific innovation. There introduce base is so solid the market is soaked and would not be savvy. This system anyway is currently in the development phase of the business life cycle. They contain 69% of the voice market and they are kept on developing. The center establishments will in the long run decrease anyway the administration to keep up the telephones frameworks will keep on staying in the development stage. Cisco’s system depends on getting market transitionsâ€the showcase advances that influence our clients. With the expansion of video and synergistic Web 2.0 innovations, the system keeps on advancing from the pipes of the Internetâ€providing connectivityâ€to the stage that will change the manner in which we work, live, play and learn.â€â€"John Chambers, Chairman and CEO, Cisco THE ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACING THIS COMPANY Cisco’s’ upper hand in certain segments can be kept up. The general advancement should proceed anyway more vulnerable parts where they have lost spotlight on have declined. In the case of the home Networked part they keep up a low 23% piece of the pie. This has not been inline what the projections were the point at which they entered these business sectors. As of late they have reported they are moving endlessly from the locally established market with an offer of their Linksys lien to Belkin (5) I accept the companies’ upper hand can be kept up in the event that they center around regions where they have control on piece of the overall industry. Shedding unfruitful business, for example, Linksys is a positive development. This item is unmistakably on the decay side and Cisco should concentrate on development regions, for example, stockpiling region systems. The companies’ culture is changing from when they were a littler undertaking they had the option to move with showcase needs more rapidly. The furious rivalry in the home market was one of the organization issues. I accept that they are a ventures organization supplier of administrations and don't comprehend the requirements of locally situated clients. Strategy RECOMMENDED I would encourage Cisco to concentrate on server stockpiling areas. They are not a market chief in servers, for example, HP yet have new items that are changing the manner in which we organizations use servers. This is a separation technique that will change the business whenever done effectively. They made a virtual server arrangement called UCS that if showcases effectively could accomplish future development in the server stockpiling segment. (6) I would utilize my market force and client to base to give these arrangements requiring little to no effort and this will uncover a wide client base to the item Feeling What's your opinion of this contextual analysis? Portray what you accept are the exercises gained from this case. (10 focuses) I think this contextual investigation demonstrated me new ideas in vital administration. By examining Cisco’s showcase strength dependent on 46 billion in incomes I currently comprehend that having an upper hand must be kept up. Seeing Cisco presently leaving markets is another course for them and these ideas have carried me to get that. REFERENCES At the point when you have finished the paper utilizing the above areas, embed a page break and have a different references page. The references ought to be recorded as per the APA rules as appeared in the instructional exercise. (5 focuses) http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/CSCO:AR (1) http://newsroom.cisco.com/reports/10157/0/Corporate+Overview+-+Q2FY12.pdf (2) http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/07/29/cisco_huawei_case_ends/(3) http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/07/09/3com_welcome_to_join_ciscohuawei/(4) http://www.dailytech.com/Belkin+Plans+to+Purchase+Ciscos+Linksys+Home+Networking+Business+Unit/article29747.htm(5) http://www.cisco.com/resources/worldwide/europe/powerofu/ucs_vs_hp_deployment.pdf(6) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper_Networks(7)

Criminal Justice Technology - Free Essay Example

Technology within the Criminal Justice System has evolved through the years. DNA is one type of technology that has revolutionized the criminal justice system. Law enforcement uses this method to aide in the capture and conviction of criminals; at times have led to exonerate criminals who were wrongly convicted. There is still a lot that can be learned about DNA and all the possibilities that DNA may be able to prove. Fingerprints are not the only technology that has vastly improved within the criminal justice system. In 1984, Dr. Alec Jefferys, an English geneticist, discovered what is known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) DNA fingerprinting or DNA Profiling (DNAs Detective Story, 2004). Dr. Jefferys found sequences of regions of DNA repeated over and over again and the number of sections repeated could differ from person to person (DNA Basic History). With these DNA sequence variations, the ability to perform identity tests on humans were developed (DNA Basic History) . DNA is a genetic material that can be found in a persons semen, skin cells, tissue, organs, muscle, brain cells, bone, teeth, hair, saliva, mucus, perspiration, fingernails, urine, feces, etc. (DNA Basic Biology). DNA such as sweat, skin, blood, tissue can be found on handles of weapons, hats, eyeglasses, facial tissue, dirty laundry and other various items (DNA Basic Indentifying DNA). Saliva can be found on items such as toothpicks, cigarette butts, postage stamps. Envelope flaps, bottle, cans or glass, pillows, and various other items (DNA Basic Indentifying DNA). Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, and Adenine are the four building blocks for which DNA is comprised (DNA Basic Indentifying DNA) In 1985, Great Britain authorities were seeking to deport a teenager from Ghana who came to Great Britain to join his mother (DNAs Detective Story, 2004). Mr. Jefferys was able to provide the court with DNA evidence showing that half of the teenagers bands matched his mother and the other hal f his father, thereby saving the teenager from being deported (DNAs Detective Story, 2004). The first documented criminal case using DNA led to the 1987 conviction of Colin Pitchfork in England for the rape and murder of two people (DNAs Detective Story, 2004). Tommy Lee Andrews of Orlando is the first person in the U.S. to be convicted in a 1987 rape case, using DNA profiling (Inman, Rudin, 2002 July 02). The DNA profiling proved Andrews was guilty of rape by a 10 billion-to-1 probability (Willing, N.D.) In April 2001, a cold hit was made to the perpetrators convicted offender DNA profile in the database (DNA Initiative Night Stalker). It was a break Goldsboro Police Department, Goldsboro North Carolina had been waiting for (DNA Initiative Night Stalker) The DNA hit was on Linwood Forte who was brought in after he was convicted of shooting into an occupied dwelling (DNA Initiative Night Stalker). After Mr. Forte a search warrant had been obtained and served for a DNA swap, it ma tched with a cold case in July 1990 (DNA Initiative Night Stalker). In July 1990, three elderly women were raped and stabbed to death (DNA Initiative Night Stalker) One of the elderly womens husband had been stabbed to death as well (DNA Initiative Night Stalker) This shows that DNA evidence that is properly collected and preserved can prove to be a an excellent tool in helping anyone in the Criminal Justice Field to solve cold case files. The first person to be exonerated by DNA evidence is Kirk Bloodsworth (Innocence Project, N.D). Mr. Bloodsworth was sentenced to death for a murder, sexual assault and rape of a nine year old girl, he did not commit in Maryland in 1984 (Innocence Project, N.D). Mr. Bloodsworths arrest came from an anonymous tip stating they had seen him with the girl the same day (Innocence Project, N.D.). Identification was made after a witness identified him as the man they had seen from a police sketch (Innocence Project, N.D.). After his conviction in March 1985, Mr. Bloodsworth lawyers were able to get a new trial based up on evidence that law enforcement had another suspect that had been withheld from Mr. Bloodsworth defense attorneys (Innocence Project, N.D.). Mr. Bloodsworth was again found guilty, but this time he was sentenced to two life terms in prison (Innocence Project, N.D.). The prosecution agreed in 1992 for a DNA test to be done by Forensic Science Associates (Innocence Project, N.D.). Even though the spermatozoa amount on the slide insufficient after Forensic Science Associates performed, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based testing (Innocence Project, N.D.). However, testing performed by Forensic Science Associates and The FBI on the victims panties excluded Mr. Bloodsworth (Innocence Project, N.D.). After he had served 8 years in prison, in June 1993, including the two years he was facing execution Mr. Bloodsworth was released (Innocence Project, N.D.). In 2003, the Innocence Protection Act was introduced and establi shes Mr. Bloodsworth DNA exonerating him and the act will provide funding for DNA testing (Innocence Project, N.D.). For more than 21 years, the Dereck Bachmann searched for his sister Marci, who had ran away from her Vancouver, Washington in May of 1984 (Ritter, 2007). Through the 21 years, Dereck searched newspapers, files of missing persons and hired a private investigator. (Ritter, 2007). In 2004 there was break in the case (Ritter, 2007). A cold case detective in Missoula, Washington sent a femur from the Deer Creek remains lab to the Center for Human Remains (CHP) for A DNA test to be ran (Ritter, 2007). After the test was performed, the scientist uploaded the information into the CODIS database (Ritter, 2007). In King County, Washington, detectives came across the case file of Marci Bachmann (Ritter, 2007). The detectives were able to track down Marcis mother, father and brother and obtained a DNA samples (Ritter, 2007). Closure for Marcis family on April 6, 2006 when the DNA samples made a hit on remains that had been found just a few months after Marci went missing (Ritter, 2007). In 1990, the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) began as a pilot software project by FBI (CODIS Combined DNA Index System). The project served 14 state and local laboratories (CODIS Combined DNA Index System). In 1994 when the DNA Identification Act was formed, the FBI establishes the National DNA Index System for use by law enforcement agencies (CODIS Combined DNA Index System). CODIS software is used in over 25 countries laboratories and over 170-law enforcement agencies participate in the NDIS (CODIS Combined DNA Index System). The Combined DNA Index System is funded by the FBI in order for public forensic DNA laboratories to create a database of searchable DNA profiles (DNA Initiative DNA Databases). CODIS allows laboratories access and to be able to share and compare information (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). There are two indexes that the CODIS use: the co nvicted offender index and forensic index (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). Individuals convicted of crimes ranging from misdemeanors to sexual assault and murder have their DNA is stored in the convicted offender index (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). The DNA profiles stored in the forensic index come from evidence obtained from crime scenes (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). When a DNA profile is entered into CODIS, a potential match is automatically searched for (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). If a match is found in the forensic index, serial offenders can be identified and linked to other crimes scenes (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). If a match is made between both convicted and forensic indexes, it can indentify an offender and can give investigators probable cause to collect a new DNA sample from a suspect (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). CODIS DNA profiles are entered from local, state and national laboratories. Local laboratories maintain local forensic profiles in their l ocal DNA index system and upload DNA profile information into the State DNA index system (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). The state uploads the DNA profiles to NDIS (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). The types of files that can be entered into the DNA database are forensic files, arrestee profiles, suspect profiles, unidentified human remains, missing persons, and relative of missing person profiles (DNA Initiative, DNA Databases). Just like fingerprints, DNA is unique to each person with the exception of identical twins (DNA Initiative, DNA Basics). Any DNA collected from a crime scene can either implicate or eliminate a suspect (DNA Initiative, DNA Basics). DNA can and has been used to identify human remains after comparing DNA taken from a relative (DNA Initiative Identifying Missing Persons). It can also be used in linking two or more crime scenes together DNA Initiative, DNA Basics). When the DNA evidence is compared using CODIS, it can link crime scenes locally, statewide and nationally to the same perpetrator (DNA Initiative, DNA Basics). As you can see, DNA can be a powerful tool used in a court of law. DNA has aided law enforcement agencies in the capture and conviction of criminal offenders. DNA has been used to solve cold case files and exonerate people who were wrongfully convicted. In order for DNA evidence to be upheld in court, the crime scene investigator has to make sure all evidence is collected, bagged and stored properly and free from contamination. Technology has come a long way. DNA is just one of the many technologies that are available to law enforcement. Technology in the criminal justice will forever be evolving with new ideas and developments. Someday, maybe, the criminal justice system will have the technology to obtain evidence from a suspect or crime scene and get results in a matter of minutes instead of days or weeks.

McDonalds French Fries Are Still Not Vegetarian

Most animal-rights activists follow a plant-based diet for ethical reasons and studiously avoid places where meat makes up the bulk of the menu. Still, vegetarians or vegans  occasionally find themselves inclined to sneak into McDonalds for a serving of the famous Golden Arches French fries every now and then. But if theyre serious about living meat-free, they should stop. In spite of numerous protests—and even lawsuits—McDonalds fries are not, and never have been, vegan or vegetarian. But how can that be? you may ask. French fries are made from potatoes and fried in oil, so wheres the harm? (Hint: Its in the oil.) McDonalds Fries in India vs. the U.S. In India, cows are sacred and are not meant for human consumption. Fortunately, in that country, vegetarians can consume all the McDonalds French fries their hearts desire because theyre made of strictly plant-based ingredients. In fact, in India, McDonalds locations do not serve pork or beef products at all. But French fries served at American McDonald’s locations are not vegetarian. Why not, you ask? For decades, McDonald’s fries were cooked in animal fat (lard) which was supposedly what gave them their famous flavor. Eventually, the chain switched to vegetable oil, but customers complained that the fries were no longer as tasty. The companys solution was to add natural beef flavor to the spuds during the production cycle. Whats Your Beef? A Class-Action Lawsuit In 2001, McDonald’s was hit with a class-action lawsuit, led by a group of Hindu customers who felt they were being duped into unwittingly consuming animal products—which is strictly against their religion. Other vegetarians and vegans joined the fight, pointing out that the company was disseminating misleading information. Customers were being told that the French fries were fried in vegetable oil—the inference being that the fries were no longer cooked in lard and were therefore veg-friendly. Admitting that the fries were coated in beef flavoring, McDonalds settled for $10 million, with $6 million going to vegetarian organizations. But they didn’t change their recipe. In fact, their website still lists the ingredients, including beef, for all to see. As a company spokesperson explained: â€Å"With regard to our French fries, any customer in the U.S. who contacts McDonalds USA to ask if they contain beef flavoring is told, Yes. The same McDonalds representative went on to say, We have no plans to change the way we prepare our French fries in the U.S. However, it is important to know that our French fries are prepared differently in other countries.† How the Beef Gets in the Fries In the U.S, McDonalds French fry suppliers add a very small amount of beef flavor to the oil in the par-frying process at the potato processing plant before shipping the fries to individual outlets. Once at the restaurant, the spuds are cooked in vegetable oil. For vegans and vegetarians, this extra step a deal-breaker. How difficult would it be to omit the meat? Probably not that difficult at all, however, the impact on the bottom line could potentially be enormous. In India, where the majority of customers are vegetarian or vegan, not accommodating meat-free food choices doesnt make sense from an economic standpoint. In the United States, however, the opposite is true. If McDonalds started leaving out the signature ingredient thats long given their fries their famous flavor, if you asked Americans, Do you want fries with that? the answer could very well be, No!

The Things They Carried By Tim O Brien - 1377 Words

Tyler Nooney Trafford P.6 The Things They Carried Essay The central theme and true meaning of courage is shown vividly in numerous instances throughout Tim O’Brien’s classic novel The Things They Carried. O’Brien’s novel begins with the courage of coming of age, along with the author’s loss of his innocence. Tim, the protagonist of this novel, goes through an incredible change in belief when he must choose to either run away from the Vietnam War or unwillingly join the bloody battle, of which he strongly did not have faith in. The main courageous occurrence that O’Brien was showing the reader was the fear of going to war, and the integrity behind holding ones beliefs and morals in fighting for their country. The Things They Carried shows†¦show more content†¦O’Brien uses explicit details and imagery to illustrate what the experience was like for the terrified men. Although they are sad for the loss of their friend Lavender, and try as hard as they can to be courageous, their major feeling is of relief, mainly because they are still living. Courage is shown in the â€Å"The Things They Carried† with this quote. â€Å"They carried the soldier’s greatest fear, which was the fear of blushing. Men killed, and died, because they were embarrassed not to. It was what had brought them to the war in the first place, nothing positive, no dreams of glory or honor, just to avoid the blush of dishonor. They died so as not to die of embarrassment.† (p. --) This quotation is O’Brien expressing his reasons for having the courage in going to Vietnam, instead of being a coward. At the same time he is giving the reader a generalization that foreshadows the later several references towards courage and cowardice. â€Å"On the Rainy River† is a story recalled by O’Brien that he states has never told to anyone. â€Å"To go into it, I’ve always thought, would only cause embarrassment for all of us †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 39) By coming out and telling his readers this confession only shows his courage from it in the long run. The story develops the theme of embarrassment as a motivating factor, just as Jimmy Cross feels guilty about Ted Lavender’s death, O’Brien feels guilty about going to

Economic Development and Progress

Question: Describe about the Economic Development and Progress. Answer: The tremendous strides that mankind have made can be attributed to the technological, economic, social and other aspects of development. With the development and progress, many people have access to tools that help them breed or come up with good ideas. Had it been possible for these ideas to be implemented, further growth and development would be realized. The major hurdle is access to funding which can drive the conception and actualization of ideas. This is the position into which our companys relevance comes into play. Besides providing finances, the company will provide the necessary leadership, guidance, mentorship and support along each stage of idea conception an actualization. The rationale behind the design and development of this site is simply the desire to provide a platform for people with good ideas. We do not stop there: the site provides laudable options for financing. Besides, the site contains a number of services for children. This is because children tend to have some good ideas but may not be able to have the support of their parents and friends. Secondly, the growing number of problems due to technological advances and population growth, such as marine pollution, air pollution, and child disappearance, global warming, and so on, still need to be improved. This, we believe, provides exciting opportunities for those who can come up with ideas. Everyone with good idea can put their ideas on our website. All we will do is help them to raise funds, or to find someone to give to the people to find a way to solve the problem. They invest. Our site is divided into three projects: individual project; star a project; daydream project. The first individual project is a well-planned idea, we will set two options for you, the first is that you plan a good person but their limited capacity can only help you complete your plan (donation). People can choose to unconditionally support your idea can also choose to have a return on contributions, for example: When your idea is to create a product and has been completed, they have to complete their funding, Can be purchased at their original prices, or free to let them use. The second is a start a project. We will carefully understand your idea, make a series of ads to help you carry out a series of financing plans, and improve your idea so that it will be more attractive to investors. We will show you the product profile as soon as possible and tell you that the product plan will soon be funded. The last one is daydream project This part is about our company part, we will develop and innovate some new good idea and then put our site for financing, or buy some of what we think is promising and conducive to social progress of the idea , And then we carry out research and study to solve a series of problems, the final development. We chose to do this because we found that a lot of people have good ideas, and these ideas can be beneficial to social and even global development. So we think this is a necessary plan

Operations Management Report free essay sample

It outlines the findings of an observation made on Saturday, 30th March, 2013 which established that long queues are a common occurrence at Movie World theme park particularly during peak times. The report will examine the body of knowledge in the existing literature with regard to queuing at theme parks and how it affects guest satisfaction, it will then suggest possible solutions, drawing from the literature review and then provide an evaluation of the alternative solutions as well as recommend appropriate methods for the resolution of the queuing challenges at Movie World Theme park. The report concludes by reiterating the importance of effective queue management and its potential to reduce the level of moment of truth, a factor which is very critical to guest satisfaction. 2. 0Brief description of business and context-Movie World Theme Park Movie World theme park is a popular  movie  related  theme park  on the  Gold Coast  in  Australia which is owned and operated by  Village Roadshow Limited and is the only movie related park in Australia. We will write a custom essay sample on Operations Management Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Movie World operates various movie-themed rides and attractions ranging from motion simulators to roller coasters and slow river rides. It also boasts of   costumed character  performers who patrol the park, allowing visitors the chance to take photos with them. This paper will analyse the operations of the theme park as observed on Saturday, 30th March, 2013 with particular interest on queue management. Long and disorderly queues were observed on the day, this report will discuss queue management as an operation management problem that Movie World Theme Park needs to address, particularly at the ticketing offices and as visitors were waiting to get on roller coaster and slow river rides. This is because according to Norman (2009), long lines at theme parks are a continual source of irritation for visitors and may impact on the quality of their experience. 3. 0Identification and analysis of Operations Management challenge-Long and disorderly queues At the ticketing offices, the queues are very long and sometimes disorderly; this is exacerbated by the fact that not all the booths are open at the same time in most cases. Heung, Tsang and Cheng (2009) suggest that most activities in which a service is provided require customers to wait in a queue during the experience, the problem of queuing is quite common in theme parks where visitors who patronise popular new attractions appear to be spending more and more time queuing, as they are forced to wait for a significant length of time simply to play a game or take an adventure ride at a theme park. They contend that waits for rides at attractions are the top complaints among guests. Research has shown that one thing that is inherent in waiting lines is the universal dislike for the process, the feelings and opinions developed in waiting lines influence the customers perception of the awaited experience (Cope, Cope III, Bass, Syrdal, H. A, 2011, Davis Heineke 1994). Desai and Hunsucker (2008) contend that the goal of many visitors at an amusement/ theme park is to experience the most number of rides and attractions possible within the stipulated time; they argue that during peak seasons a common sight at theme parks is a long queue of visitors waiting to seek the thrill and excitement of amusement rides. They further argue that coupled with a limited ride capacity, the park managers face major problems in coping with this heavy demand and high wait times on rides. This scenario of having to wait lengthy periods in queues indicates inferior service levels on the part of park management and may contribute to customer dissatisfaction. Davis Heineke (1994) suggests that the real issue in queue management is not the actual amount of time that the customer waits in a queue, but also the customer’s perception of that wait and his or her associated level of satisfaction, therefore providing a high level of customer satisfaction should be the true objective of effective queue management. The emphasis is customer satisfaction because it provides the necessary linkage between the level of service provided and the customer’s perception of the service and the customer’s future behaviour towards the firm. 4. 0Possible solutions to the challenge In order to mitigate the effects of long waiting time, Kostami and Ward (2009) submit that many service providers offer customers the choice of either waiting in a line or going offline and returning at a dynamically determined future time e. g. Disneyland. They argue however, that to operate such a system, the service provider must make an upfront decision on how to allocate service capacity between the lines especially considering the fact that the estimation of offline waiting times is complicated by the failure by some offline customers to return for service at their appointed time. Other solutions may include resolving capacity problems by increasing ride capacity through adding more infrastructure or increasing the capacity of existing equipment, though this may inevitably involve heavy capital expenditure (Desai and Hunsucker, 2008). Heung, Tsang and Cheng (2009), contend that customers who are unoccupied tend to perceive longer waiting times more negatively than customers who are occupied during their waits, this suggests that efforts aimed at occupying waiting customers with reading materials, interesting displays or providing opportunities for them to do their own tasks as they wait would minimise the negative perceptions that they would have about the waiting time. Further, Heung, Tsang and Cheng (2009) argue that a critical element in all facets of managing customer perception with respect to queues is the proper training of contact personnel especially in high visibility and low variety business environments like theme parks. Norman (2009) contends that measures such as advance reservations minimise the trauma of waiting but they must be seen as fair and equitable to those without reservations. Management may consider assigning customers numbers at arrival and then calling them in sequence. Norman (2009) submits that fairness of system and value of the ride could minimise perceived waiting time. Management should therefore, focus on giving people a good experience while waiting on a line. Management may also consider applying Little’s Law in working out average waiting time and the average number of guests waiting for a service, this will enable them determine average rate of arrivals to the system, thereby forecasting demand and hence reducing the adverse effects of queuing(Little, 2011). 5. 0Conclusion/Recommendations Long waiting time can negatively affect the guest experience and even result in balking or reneging on the part of the guest. It is therefore, recommended that to minimise on the negative effects of waiting time, more ticket booths are opened and more activities are introduced. Resolving capacity problems will enable management at Movie World theme park to minimise average cost when there are costs associated with customer abandonment and queuing. Of utmost importance is the need for management to focus on giving guests a good experience by ensuring that systems put in place to resolve these queuing challenges and thereby improve the through put, in the provision of the service, are seen to be fair by the customer. Effective queue management may mean the difference between quality guest experience, and therefore, zero moment of truth, and dissatisfied customers whose complaints if not well managed may result in loss of business for the service provider. In a business environment where the customer has a number of alternatives to choose from, it is important for service providers to take quality management seriously, and in the case of Movie World, management cannot afford to ignore the problems caused by queuing, considering its effects on guest satisfaction. References Cope, R. F. , Cope III, R. F. Bass, A. N. , Syrdal H. A. (2011). Innovative knowledge management at Disney: Human capital and queuing solutions for services. Journal of Service Science, 4(1), 13 Davis, M. M. , Heineke, J. (1994). Understanding the roles of the customer and the operation for better queue management. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 14(5), 21-34. doi:10. 1108/01443579410056777 Desai, S . S. , Hunsucker, J. L. (2008). A sensitivity analysis tool for improving the capacity of amusement rides. Journal of Simulation, 2(2), 117-126, doi:10. 1057/jos. 2008. 3 Heung, V. C. S. Tsang,N. , Chang, M. (2009). Queuing behaviour in theme parks: a comparison between Chinese and Western tourists. Journal of China Tourism Research, 5(1), 41-51 http://dx. doi. org/10. 1080/19388160802711394 Kostami, V. , Ward, A. R. (2009). Managing service systems with an offline waiting option and customer abandonment. Manufacturing and Service Operations management, 11(4), 644-656. Little, J. D. C. (2011). Little’s Law as viewed on its 50th anniversary. Operations Research, 59(3), 536-549 Norman, D. A. (2009). Designing waits that work. MIT Sloan Management Review, 50(4), 23-28